Are wild horses federally protected

Velma Bronn Johnston

Velma Bronn Johnston (March 5, — June 27, ), also known as Wild Horse Annie, was an American animal welfare activist. She led a campaign to stop the eradication of mustangs and free-roaming burros from public lands. She was instrumental in passing legislation to stop using aircraft and land vehicles from inhumanely capturing wild horses and burros.

Personal life

Velma Bronn was born in Reno, Nevada to Joseph Bronn and his wife Gertrude Clay,^[1] and grew up on Vine Street in Reno at her parents' home. In she contracted polio and was confined to a cast for six months.^[2] The cast deformed her body and face which her opponents used against her.

She married Charles Johnston and they moved to Wadsworth briefly, later buying property along the Truckee River near Painted Rock exit along I They named it the "Double Lazy Heart Ranch". According to Henry, Marguerite (). Mustang: Wild Spirit of the West. Simon and Schuster. ISBN&#;.:

it was supposed to be a dude ranch for children.

That is not correct. The Double Lazy Heart brand was given to my brother when he bought property along the Truckee. Charlie became ill and they had a house built in Reno where they lived to the ends of their lives^{[citation needed]}

Johnston also worked as a secretary for an insurance company.

Wild horses According to Henry, Marguerite Article Talk. She greatly enjoyed composing poetry and drawing. It prohibited the use of any form of motorized vehicles as well as the poisoning of water holes done either to capture or kill wild horses.

Fight for humane treatment of free-roaming horses

Driving to work one day in , Johnston was following a truck overcrowded with horses and saw blood dripping from the back. She followed it to a slaughterhouse,^[3] and upon learning they were free-roaming horses gathered from private and state lands in Nevada's Virginia Range, she took action to ensure more humane treatment of free-roaming horses when captured and transported.

On her initiative and Nevada State Senator Walter Baring's actions, Nevada passed a bill that made free-roaming roundups by planes and cars illegal on state and private lands.^[4] Although the free-roaming horses on all lands in the state were under the jurisdiction of the state estray laws, federal lands, administered chiefly by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service, which comprise almost 85% of the lands in Nevada,^[5] were exempt from the law due to objections from the agencies that the law would hamper attempts to remove the horses from the federal lands.^{[citation needed]} As large parts of Nevada were thereby excluded from the bill, Johnston continued to fight for protection of the free-roaming horses throughout the state and across all the federal lands in the west.

She initiated a massive letter-writing campaign by students to Senators and other Congress members. On September 8, , the campaign resulted in the federal legislature passing Public Law , which banned the poisoning of watering holes frequented by wild equids and the use of air and land vehicles in hunting and capturing free-roaming horses for sale and slaughter.

This became known as the Wild Horse Annie Act.^[6]

Passage of the Wild Horse Annie Act did not alleviate the concerns of free-roaming horse advocates, who continued to lobby for federal rather than state control over the disposition of free-roaming horses. Since most horses in the desert regions were recently descended from ranchers' horses, ownership of the free-roaming herds was contentious, and ranchers continued to use airplanes to gather them.

Johnston continued her campaign, and in , the 92nd United States Congress unanimously passed the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of ^[7] It was signed into law by then-PresidentRichard Nixon on December 15, The act prohibited capture, injury, or disturbance of free-roaming horses and burros.

Wild horse annie biography book Ryden, Hope, The largest such refuge, established in , lies within the vast Nellis Air Force Base in southern Nevada. Fight for humane treatment of free-roaming horses [ edit ]. Unable to have children of their own, Velma and Charlie operated a sort of dude ranch for children which included many troubled city youth.

Legacy / dates

In , Johnston was featured in Time magazine.^[8] The western The Misfits, based on a script by Arthur Miller, the last film of Clark Gable and Marilyn Monroe and also starring Montgomery Clift, portrayed a horse roundup of the sort Johnston had protested; in the film, Monroe's character becomes disgusted with the method, which leads to a climactic clash between the characters.

Johnston herself appeared in the Robert McCahon western Running Wild as herself, starring alongside Lloyd Bridges and Dina Merrill.

Johnston died at age 65 of lung cancer in Reno, Nevada on June 27, She is buried alongside her parents, husband and brother in the Mountain View Cemetery in Reno.

In March , Wendie Malick was set to star and produce Wild Horse Annie, for Hallmark Channel for summer ^[9]^[10]

Betty White was set to star in a Wild Horse AnnieTV movie, after The Betty White Show ( TV series) was cancelled.^[11]

References

^Cruise, David; Griffiths, Alison ().

Wild Horse Annie and the Last of the Mustangs: The Life of Annie Johnston. Simon & Schuster. p.&#;5. ISBN&#;.
^"More About Wild Horse Annie".
Wild horse annie movie
Wild horse herds
Save the wild horses
Wild free-roaming horses and burros act

Archived from the original on 5 December Retrieved 19 November

^"History and Facts". Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original on December 28, Retrieved January 18,
^"The Wild Horse Annie Act".
^"Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data"(PDF).

Congressional Research Service. Retrieved
^"History of the Program: The Wild Horse Annie Act". Bureau of Land Management.
Velma johnston wild horse annie: This inspired her all the more to bring justice for the horses. Animal welfare. In , her campaign in the Nevada State Legislature led to a bill banning aircraft and land vehicles from capturing wild horses on state lands. Mustang: Wild Spirit of the West.
Archived from the original on 7 October Retrieved 19 November
^"The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of (Public Law )". Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original on 18 October Retrieved 19 November
^"ANIMALS: Wild Horse Annie", Time Magazine, 27 July , archived from the original on October 30, , retrieved 30 December
^Nordyke, Kimberly (28 March ).

"Wendie Malick to Star, Produce Hallmark Channel Movie 'Wild Horse Annie'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 17 October
^Wilkinson, Wendy (21 November ).
Wild horse annie biography wikipedia Abandoned pets Blood sports Chick culling Cormorant culling Livestock dehorning Eating live animals Eating live seafood Intensive animal farming Intensive pig farming Overview of discretionary invasive procedures on animals Dairy farming Poultry farming Puppy mill Vivisection Welfare of farmed insects Wild animal suffering Wildlife farming Feedback pork industry Foam depopulation Ventilation shutdown Barn fire. Annie herself testified before Congress. Being an astute executive secretary, Annie set about amassing a legion of facts and evidence which she neatly organized into very effective presentations to all economic and social branches of society. She was instrumental in passing legislation to stop using aircraft and land vehicles from inhumanely capturing wild horses and burros.
"Wendie Malick". COWGIRL Magazine. Retrieved 17 October
^Golden, Cory (17 January ). "Remembering animal advocate Betty White".
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Return to Freedom. Retrieved 17 October